1) How to get Default Gateway in linux:
:~$ route -n
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0
192.168.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 9 0 0 wlan0
Then 192.168.3.1 is the default gateway (which resides in the router)
2) traceroute:
Gives echo response from every networking device that we go through.
e.g.:
~$ traceroute linkedin.com
traceroute to linkedin.com (216.52.242.86), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 * * *
2 24.4.96.1 (24.4.96.1) 12.809 ms 18.279 ms 18.287 ms
3 te-0-2-0-0-ur05.santaclara.ca.sfba.comcast.net (68.85.191.161) 18.279 ms 18.277 ms 18.271 ms
4 te-1-1-0-10-ar01.sfsutro.ca.sfba.comcast.net (68.87.226.118) 25.134 ms te-1-1-0-1-ar01.sfsutro.ca.sfba.comcast.net (69.139.198.90) 25.115 ms te-1-1-0-0-ar01.sfsutro.ca.sfba.comcast.net (69.139.198.82) 25.056 ms
5 he-3-8-0-0-cr01.sanjose.ca.ibone.comcast.net (68.86.94.85) 28.455 ms 28.475 ms 28.472 ms
6 50-242-148-34-static.hfc.comcastbusiness.net (50.242.148.34) 45.187 ms 38.972 ms 37.976 ms
7 vlan70.csw2.SanJose1.Level3.net (4.69.152.126) 47.620 ms 47.597 ms 47.543 ms
8 ae-71-71.ebr1.SanJose1.Level3.net (4.69.153.5) 47.486 ms 44.121 ms ae-91-91.ebr1.SanJose1.Level3.net (4.69.153.13) 47.694 ms
9 ae-2-2.ebr3.LosAngeles1.Level3.net (4.69.132.10) 44.047 ms 44.664 ms 44.634 ms
10 ae-73-73.csw2.LosAngeles1.Level3.net (4.69.137.38) 47.430 ms ae-93-93.csw4.LosAngeles1.Level3.net (4.69.137.46) 45.049 ms ae-63-63.csw1.LosAngeles1.Level3.net (4.69.137.34) 46.555 ms
The above command shows all the routers this command goes through to reach the server for linkedin.com. Above shows that linkedin have their main router in Los Angeles.
3) How to get address resolution protocol address:
~$ arp -n
4)How much time does it take to get response from a server/website:
5)Who is on my network??
:~$ whowatch
The above is a utility which tells you people connected to the network.
6) Excellent article on loopback:
http://askubuntu.com/questions/247625/what-is-the-loopback-device-and-how-do-i-use-it
7) how to check devices (hosts) in your network:
nmap -w -sP 192.168.3.100/24
:~$ route -n
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0
192.168.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 9 0 0 wlan0
Then 192.168.3.1 is the default gateway (which resides in the router)
2) traceroute:
Gives echo response from every networking device that we go through.
e.g.:
~$ traceroute linkedin.com
traceroute to linkedin.com (216.52.242.86), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 * * *
2 24.4.96.1 (24.4.96.1) 12.809 ms 18.279 ms 18.287 ms
3 te-0-2-0-0-ur05.santaclara.ca.sfba.comcast.net (68.85.191.161) 18.279 ms 18.277 ms 18.271 ms
4 te-1-1-0-10-ar01.sfsutro.ca.sfba.comcast.net (68.87.226.118) 25.134 ms te-1-1-0-1-ar01.sfsutro.ca.sfba.comcast.net (69.139.198.90) 25.115 ms te-1-1-0-0-ar01.sfsutro.ca.sfba.comcast.net (69.139.198.82) 25.056 ms
5 he-3-8-0-0-cr01.sanjose.ca.ibone.comcast.net (68.86.94.85) 28.455 ms 28.475 ms 28.472 ms
6 50-242-148-34-static.hfc.comcastbusiness.net (50.242.148.34) 45.187 ms 38.972 ms 37.976 ms
7 vlan70.csw2.SanJose1.Level3.net (4.69.152.126) 47.620 ms 47.597 ms 47.543 ms
8 ae-71-71.ebr1.SanJose1.Level3.net (4.69.153.5) 47.486 ms 44.121 ms ae-91-91.ebr1.SanJose1.Level3.net (4.69.153.13) 47.694 ms
9 ae-2-2.ebr3.LosAngeles1.Level3.net (4.69.132.10) 44.047 ms 44.664 ms 44.634 ms
10 ae-73-73.csw2.LosAngeles1.Level3.net (4.69.137.38) 47.430 ms ae-93-93.csw4.LosAngeles1.Level3.net (4.69.137.46) 45.049 ms ae-63-63.csw1.LosAngeles1.Level3.net (4.69.137.34) 46.555 ms
The above command shows all the routers this command goes through to reach the server for linkedin.com. Above shows that linkedin have their main router in Los Angeles.
3) How to get address resolution protocol address:
~$ arp -n
4)How much time does it take to get response from a server/website:
dig archlinux.org | grep "Query time"
5)Who is on my network??
:~$ whowatch
The above is a utility which tells you people connected to the network.
6) Excellent article on loopback:
http://askubuntu.com/questions/247625/what-is-the-loopback-device-and-how-do-i-use-it
7) how to check devices (hosts) in your network:
nmap -w -sP 192.168.3.100/24
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